Laser Speckle Imaging System
An interference pattern/speckle pattern is formed at the detector when coherent light is used to illuminate biological tissue. Laser speckle contrast imaging is based on the dynamic change in the backscattered light due to interaction with red blood cells (RBCs). Particle movement within tissues causes fluctuations in the speckle pattern, leading to the blurring of speckle images when these images are obtained with an exposure time longer than or equal to the speckle fluctuation time scale. This blurring can be attributed to blood flow if the fluctuations are caused by RBC movement.
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Company Profile
Guangzhou G-Cell Technology Co., Ltd. is an innovative technology enterprise founded by relying on Tsinghua University Shenzhen Graduate School, Southern University of Science and Technology, and South China Normal University, and we focus on the application of optical imaging technology in the field of life sciences. For units in related application directions, we can provide you with professional optical imaging equipment and solutions. We have a complete optical testing experimental platform and a group of high-quality young technical backbones. As a cross-border combination of the laboratory equipment industry and the Internet industry, the company is committed to creating a new generation of laboratory intelligent equipment.
Why Choose Us
Profession team
We specialize in the application of optical imaging technology to the field of cell biology. For cell research, observation and other application fields.We have a complete optical testing experimental platform and a group of high-quality young technical backbones.
Advanced equipment
As a cross-border combination of the laboratory equipment industry and the Internet industry, the company is committed to creating a new generation of laboratory intelligent equipment.
Independent research and development
Under the innovation of a strong technical research and development team, GCell products all adopt independent research and development, independent production, independent patents, and have passed a number of certifications such as software monographs and utility model patents.
Software advantages
Software tuning is carried out based on the usage habits of scientific research users, and the results are exported according to the requirements of scientific research articles and reports. The slice preview information can be retrieved at any time, and the format conversion of panoramic results is supported, which is convenient for the universality of result analysis.
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What Is Laser Speckle Imaging System
An interference pattern/speckle pattern is formed at the detector when coherent light is used to illuminate biological tissue. Laser speckle contrast imaging is based on the dynamic change in the backscattered light due to interaction with red blood cells (RBCs). Particle movement within tissues causes fluctuations in the speckle pattern, leading to the blurring of speckle images when these images are obtained with an exposure time longer than or equal to the speckle fluctuation time scale. This blurring can be attributed to blood flow if the fluctuations are caused by RBC movement.
Advantages of Laser Speckle Imaging System
Real-time monitoring
The system provides real-time monitoring of blood flow changes, making it valuable for dynamic studies and immediate feedback during experiments or clinical procedures.
High resolution
Laser speckle imaging offers high spatial resolution, enabling detailed visualization of microvascular networks and perfusion patterns in tissues.
Versatility
Laser speckle imaging can be used in various fields, including neuroscience, ophthalmology, dermatology, cardiovascular research, and preclinical studies, demonstrating its versatility.
Dynamic range
Laser speckle imaging systems have a wide dynamic range, allowing for the detection of both slow and fast blood flow changes in tissues.
Background and Market Demand for Laser Speckle Imaging System
The circulatory system is a continuous closed system of ducts distributed throughout the body, including the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system. What circulates in the cardiovascular system is blood. What flows through the lymphatic system is lymph. The lymphatic system can also be thought of as an auxiliary part of the venous system, as lymph flows centrally through a series of lymphatic canals that eventually drain into veins.
The brain doesn't have its own lymphatic network, but the membrane around the brain, called the meninges, does have a network of lymphatic blood vessels. Extravasated erythrocytes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) critically contribute to the pathogenesis of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). A subarachnoid hemorrhage means that there is bleeding in the space that surrounds the brain. It's a very serious condition and can be fatal.
Meningeal lymphatics have been reported to drain macromolecules and immune cells from CSF into cervical lymph nodes (CLNs). However, whether meningeal lymphatics are involved in clearing extravasated erythrocytes in CSF after SAH remains unclear.
Imaging, tissue processing are all done to define the function of meningeal lymphatics, but the changes in cerebral blood flow after lymphatic ablation should be quantitatively analyzed to make the entire research completed, since there only three systems inside the brain, the lymphatic network, vascular system and the cerebrospinal fluid circulation.
It technology advantages are its non-contact, no contrast agent required, high frame-rate, high spatial resolution. They can be used to observe and record blood perfusion of any exposed tissues or organs for microcirculation study or pre-clinical researches like ischemic stroke, lower limbs, mesentery, etc. Multi-output includes blood perfusion images and videos (500+ million pixels), quantified data for perfusion unit and vessel diameter.
The built-in global shutter camera can achieve faster data acquisition and processing speed. Best optical resolution of 3.9 μm/pixel, providing more detailed tissue structures. Max frame rate (full field) up to 100 fps, acquiring real-time changes in larger areas. Motorised 10x optical zoom and auto focus. Image size ranges from 0.57×0.75 to 22.5×30 cm2 in all-in-one imager, covering multiple research applications. Fast auto and fine manual focus, improving focus efficiency and accuracy on various tissues. Optimal lens assembly, filtering the ambient and reflecting light. Class 1 of measurement and indicating lasers, safe to use without eye protection system. Laser stability hardware for the ultimate in reliable and consistent measurement over minutes, hours and days. Calibration with calibration box. Self-calibration is possible at any time to keep the equipment in optimal working condition. Trigger In/Out BNC connections for communication with external devices. Unlimited installation of analysis software in PC.
The Development History of Speckle Contrast Imaging of Laser Speckle Imaging System
Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), also called laser speckle imaging (LSI), is an imaging modality based on the analysis of the blurring effect of the speckle pattern. The operation of LSCI is having a wide-field illumination of a rough surface through a coherent light source. Then using photodetectors such as CCD camera or sensors imaging the resulting laser speckle pattern caused by the interference of coherent light. In biomedical use, the coherent light is typically in the red or near-infrared region to ensure higher penetration depth. When scattering particles moving during the time, the interference caused by the coherent light will have fluctuations which will lead to the intensity variations detected via the photodetector, and this change of the intensity contain the information of scattering particles' motion. Through image the speckle patterns with finite exposure time, areas with scattering particles will appear blurred.
This technology was called single-exposure speckle photography at that time. Due to the lacking of sufficient digital techniques, single-exposure speckle photography has a two-step process which made it not convenient and efficient enough for biomedical research especially in clinical use. It no longer needed to use photographs to capture images. The improved technology is called laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) which can directly measure the contrast of speckle pattern. A typical instrumental setup of laser speckle contrast imaging only contains a laser source, camera, diffuser, lens, and computer. Due to the simple structure of the instrumental setup, LSCI can be integrated into other systems easily.
Practical Considerations for Laser Speckle Imaging System
Several parameters should take into considerations to maximum contrast and signal to noise ratio (SNR) of LSCI. The size of individual speckle is essential and it will determine the requirement of the photodetector. The size of each speckle pattern should smaller than the photodetector's pixel size to avoid the decrease of contrast. The minimum speckle diameter for an LSCI system depends on the wavelength of light, imaging system magnification, and imaging system f-number.
Static scatters is necessary, as they can determine the maximum contrast the LSCI system can obtained. Both too short or too long exposure time (T) can decrease the efficiency of the LSCI system as too short exposure can not ensure the adequate photons to be accumulated while too long exposure time can reduce contrast. Suitable T should be analyzed in advance. The illumination angle should be considered to achieve higher light transmittance efficiency.
Suitable laser source should be chosen to get rid of a decrease in contrast and SNR.
Compared with other existing imaging technologies, laser speckle contrast imaging has several obvious advantages. It can uses simple and cost-effective instrument to return excellent spatial and temporal resolution imaging. And due to these strengths, laser speckle contrast imaging has been involved in mapping blood flow for decades. The utilize of LSCI has been extended to many subjects in the biomedical field which include but are not limited to rheumatology, burns, dermatology, neurology, gastrointestinal tract surgery, dentistry, cardiovascular research. LSCI can be adopted into another system easily for clinical full-field monitoring, measuring, and investigating living processes in almost real-time scale.
Transmissive-Detected Laser Speckle Imaging System for Blood Flow Monitoring in Thick Tissue
Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a powerful tool to monitor blood flow distribution and has been widely used in studies of microcirculation, both for animal and clinical applications. Conventionally, LSCI usually works on reflective-detected mode. However, it could provide promising temporal and spatial resolution for in vivo applications only with the assistance of various tissue windows, otherwise, the overlarge superficial static speckle would extremely limit its contrast and resolution. Here, we systematically investigated the capability of transmissive-detected LSCI (TR-LSCI) for blood flow monitoring in thick tissue. It was found that the reflective-detected mode was better when the target layer was at the very surface, but the imaging quality would rapidly decrease with imaging depth, while the transmissive-detected mode could obtain a much stronger signal-to-background ratio (SBR) for thick tissue. We further proved by tissue phantom, animal, and human experiments that in a certain thickness of tissue, TR-LSCI showed remarkably better performance for thick-tissue imaging, and the imaging quality would be further improved if the use of longer wavelengths of near-infrared light. Therefore, both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that TR-LSCI is capable of obtaining thick-tissue blood flow information and holds great potential in the field of microcirculation research.
Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a wide-field, noninvasive imaging technique with high temporal and spatial resolution, which is based on the analysis of light signals after scattering and random interference, and therefore obtains the velocity information of scattering particles in biological tissues . Conventionally, it works on the reflective-detected mode, and has been widely used in the fundamental research of microcirculation whose dysfunction is highly relevant to a series of clinical symptoms, such as diabetes, ischemic stroke, coronary heart disease and peripheral artery disease. With surgery-based open-skull windows, thinned-skull windows, and surgery-free skull optical clearing windows, cortical blood flow distribution could be clearly observed using conventional reflective-detected LSCI technique. With skinfold chamber windows and skin optical clearing windows, conventional LSCI could also provide cutaneous blood flow mapping with individual-blood-vessel resolution. However, without such "windows", the light should penetrate the upper tissue layer above the deep blood vessel layer, during which path it constantly decays, making the strength of static speckle in the upper layer much greater than that of dynamic speckle signal in the deep targeted layer, leading to the extremely decreased contrast and resolution of conventional LSCI, or even making the blood flow undetectable. Moreover, even with the assistance of skull and skin windows, conventional LSCI is still only able to provide acceptable resolution in the superficial layers, while even the body parts of mice are often hundreds of microns or even millimeters thick, making it barely possible to obtain comprehensive information using such a technique.
Laser Speckle Imaging System Is an Important Identification Method in Clinical Medicine
There has been increasing interest in using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) as a tool for imaging blood flow in preclinical research and clinical applications. LSCI utilizes intrinsic tissue contrast from dynamic light scattering to offer a relatively simple technique for visualizing detailed spatiotemporal dynamics of blood flow changes in real-time.
Laser speckle is the random interference pattern produced when coherent light scatters from a medium that can be imaged onto a detector such as a camera. Motion from scattering particles, such as red blood cells in the vasculature, leads to spatial and temporal variations in the speckle pattern. Speckle contrast analysis quantifies the local spatial variance, or blurring, of the speckle pattern that results from blood flow.
In our lab, we focus on functional brain imaging and use LSCI to study cerebral blood flow (CBF) dynamics. CBF is an important hemodynamic parameter in the brain that can be used to study neurological events such as stroke, cortical spreading depression, and functional activation. We use LSCI in animal models as a tool to better understand the neurophysiological mechanisms behind these events. In the clinic, LSCI is being leveraged as a non-invasive monitoring tool for neurosurgery that could help reduce the risk of postoperative blood flow deficits.
Laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA), also known as laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), is a method that instantly visualizes microcirculatory tissue blood perfusion. It is an imaging technique that combines high resolution and high speed. When an object is illuminated by laser light, the backscattered light will form an interference pattern consisting of dark and bright areas. This pattern is called a speckle pattern. If the illuminated object is static, the speckle pattern is stationary. When there is movement in the object, such as red blood cells in a tissue, the speckle pattern will change over time.
Our Factory
Guangzhou G-Cell Technology Co., Ltd. is an innovative technology enterprise founded by relying on Tsinghua University Shenzhen Graduate School, Southern University of Science and Technology, and South China Normal University, and we focus on the application of optical imaging technology in the field of life sciences. For units in related application directions, we can provide you with professional optical imaging equipment and solutions. We have a complete optical testing experimental platform and a group of high-quality young technical backbones. As a cross-border combination of the laboratory equipment industry and the Internet industry, the company is committed to creating a new generation of laboratory intelligent equipment.
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